GEISA-03 sub-database on Microphysical and Optical

Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols

List of archived refractive indices of basic atmospheric aerosol components
(complex refraction indices : m=p-iq)

for

SOLID SUBSTANCES
WATER (Droplets)
WATER SOLUBLE COMPONENTS
H₂SO₄ SOLUTION
HNO₃ SOLUTION
WATER ICE
THIN FILMS
TERNARY H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O SOLUTION DROPLETS

Solid substances

Component	# p/q refraction indices	Temperature (K)	p			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
Ammonium Sulfate (Crystalline form)	61/61	(*)	164		50000 ¹		164	50000 ¹	Toon et al., 1976
Ash	61/61	(*)	250		50000		250	50000	Volz F., 1972, 1973; Shettle and Fenn, 1979.
Carbonaceous	61/61	(*)	164		50000		164	50000	Shettle and Fenn, 1979; Twitty, J. T. and Weinman, 1971
Dust-Like	68/68	(*)	33		50000		33	50000
Dust-Like	61/61	(*)	250		50000		250	50000	Volz F., 1972, 1973; Shettle and Fenn, 1979.
Hematite (Iron Oxide)	68/68	(*)	33		50000		33	50000	Longtin et al., 1988; Galuza et al., 1979; Kerker et al., 1979; Steyer, 1974; Onari, 1977
Insoluble	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Shettle and Fenn, 1979
Meteoric Dust	62/62	Room temperature	200		50000		200 ¹	50000	Fenn et al., 1985; Shettle, and Volz, 1976
Mineral (nucleus mode)	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000 ¹	Carson and Benjamin, 1980; Sokolik et al., 1993
Mineral (accumulation mode)	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Carson and Benjamin, 1980; Sokolik et al., 1993
Mineral (coarse mode)	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000 ¹	Carson and Benjamin, 1980; Sokolik et al., 1993
Mineral-transported	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Carson and Benjamin, 1980; Sokolik et al., 1993
Quartz	68/68	Room temperature	33		50000		33	50000	Gray, 1963; Drummond, 1936; Spitzer, and Kleinman, 1961; Philipp, 1985; Longtin et al., 1988
Sand	68/68	(*)	33		50000		33	50000	Longtin et al., 1988
Sea Salt (Crystalline form)	90/90	Room temperature	0.33		50000		0.33	50000	Dorsey, 1940; Volz, 1972a; Shettle and Fenn, 1979;
Sea salt (accumulation mode)⁽⁺⁾	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Shettle and Fenn, 1979
Sea salt (coarse mode)⁽⁺⁾	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		^-250	40000	Shettle and Fenn, 1979
Sodium Chloride (Crystalline form)	90/90	(*)	0.33 ¹		50000		0.33	50000	Eldridge and Palik, 1985
Soot	61/61	Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Shettle and Fenn, 1979
Volcanic Dust	62/62	Room temperature	200		50000		200	50000	Volz, 1973

(*) Missing value

⁽⁺⁾ Refraction indices of aerosol components which are able to take up water are available for eight values of relative humidity: 0%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%.

Water (droplets)

Components	# p/q refraction indices	Temperature (K)	P			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
Water	0/186	265, 295	(*)		(*)		6940	10640	Kou et al., 1993
Water	0/218	295	(*)		(*)		10660	15000	Kou et al., 1993
Water	420/420	290	10		5000		10	5000	Downing and D. Williams, 1975
Water	90/90	283	0.33		50000		0.33	50000 ¹	Hale and Querry, 1973; Ray 1972

Water-soluble components

Components	# p/q refraction indices	Temperature (K)	p		q		References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max	min	max
Water Soluble	61/61	Room temperature	250	50000	250	50000	Volz F., 1972, 1973; Shettle and Fenn, 1979.

H₂SO₄ solutions

Components	# p/q refraction indices	[Solution concentration] (%) Temperature (K)	P			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[57] 183	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[57, 64] 188	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ Solution	8192/4768	[30, 57, 64] 193	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ Solution	8192/4768	[30, 45, 57, 64] 203	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ Solution	8192/4768	[30, 45, 57, 60, 64] 213	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ Solution	8192/4768	[70, 75, 80] 215	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ Solution	8192/4768	[40, 50, 60] 223	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[30, 40, 45, 50, 57, 60, 64] 233	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 57, 60] 253	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[0, 10] 263	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 57, 60, 64] 273	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	8192/4768	[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 57, 60, 64, 75, 80] 293	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[45, 50] 200	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[32, 39, 61] 210	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[38, 43, 50, 55, 66, 72] 220	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[75] 230	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[42, 50, 59, 69, 80] 240	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[42, 47, 55, 72, 76%, 87] 260	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[50, 63, 70, 76, 85] 280	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	2010/2010	[72, 75, 85] 300	825		4700		825	4700	Niedziela et al. 1999
H₂SO₄ solution	1685/1685	[45.2, 50, 55.1, 61.6, 65.3, 70.2, 75, 80] (*)	499		6996		499	6996	Tisdale et al., 1998
H₂SO₄ solution	62/62	[75] 215, 300	200		50000		200	50000	Hummel et al., 1988
H₂SO₄⁽⁺⁾	61/61	[75%] Room temperature	250		40000		250	40000	Fenn et al., 1985
H₂SO₄ solution	227/227	[25, 38, 50, 75, 84.5, 95.6] (*)	400		27800		400	27800	Palmer et al., 1975
H₂SO₄ Solution	44/44	[68] (*)	850		1087		850	1087	Remsberg et al., 1974
H₂SO₄ solution	184/184	[75] (*)	547		1571		547	1571	Remsberg et al., 1974
H₂SO₄ solution	211/211	[90] (*)	748		1567		748	1567	Remsberg et al., 1974
H₂SO₄	61/61	[75] (*)	250		50000		250	50000	Volz F., 1972, 1973; Shettle and Fenn, 1979.

HNO₃ solutions

Components	# p/q refraction indices	[Solution concentration] (%) Temperature (K)	p			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[40, 45] 213	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[30, 45, 50] 223	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[30, 40, 45, 50] 233	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[30, 40, 45, 50] 253	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[0, 20] 263	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50] 273	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	8192/4768	[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45, 50] 293	0		16382		432	5028	Biermann et al., 2000
HNO₃ solution	1802/1802	[3.1, 6.1, 11.8, 22.3, 40.3, 70] (*)	250		4987		250	4987	Querry and Tyler, 1980

water ice

Components	# p/q refraction indices	Temperature (K)	p			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
Ice	3318/3318	130, 140 , 150 , 160 , 170 ,180 , 190 , 200 , 210	802		4000		802	4000	Clapp et al., 1995
Ice	0/147	248	(*)		(*)		4000	6920	Kou et al., 1993
Ice	468/468	267	59		22570		59	22570	Warren, 1984
Ice	90/90	(*)	0.33 ¹		50000		0.33	50000	Fenn et al., 1985; Warren, 1984
Ice	62/62	272, 268 ,253 , 213	0		60		0	60	Warren, 1984

thin films

Components	# p/q refraction indices	Temperature (K)	p			q			References
			Wavenumber (cm^-1)
			min	max		min		max
NAT	589/589	160	711		4004		711 ^-	4004 ^-	Richwine et al., 1995
a-NAD film	113/113	153	482		6160		482	6160	Toon et al., 1994
a-NAM film	124/124	153	482		6443		482	6443	Toon et al., 1994
a-NAT film	120/120	153	482		7000		482	7000	Toon et al., 1994
NAM film	135/135	179	482		6002		482	6002	Toon et al., 1994
ALPHA NAT film	112/112	181	482		6989		482	6989	Toon et al., 1994
NAD film	133/133	184	482		6981		482	6981	Toon et al., 1994
Beta NAT film	110/110	196	482 cm^-1		6364		482	6364	Toon et al., 1994
Water Ice film	173/173	163	482		6962		482	6962	Toon et al., 1994

NAD- Nitric Acid Dihydrate

NAM- Nitric Acid Monohydrate

NAT- Nitric Acid Trihydrate

ternary H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O solution droplets

Components	[Solution concentration] (%) Temperature (K)	p & q		References
		Wavelength (μm)
		min	max
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[10, 45] 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[22, 35] 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[28, 31] 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[29, 26] 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[33, 24) 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002
H₂SO₄/HNO₃/H₂O/ solution	[40, 15] 220	2.0001	12.1126	Norman, M.L., R.E. Miller, D.R. Worsnop, 2002

AEROSOLS DATABASE ACCESS

REFERENCES

GEISA-03 sub-database on Microphysical and Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols

List of archived refractive indices of basic atmospheric aerosol components (complex refraction indices : m=p-iq)

GEISA-03 sub-database on Microphysical and Optical

Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols

List of archived refractive indices of basic atmospheric aerosol components
(complex refraction indices : m=p-iq)